2025 Mineral Resource Update
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ASX/Media Announcement
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2025 Mineral Resource Update
Mineral Hill
Kingston Resources Limited (ASX: KSN) (‘Kingston’ or ‘The Company’) is pleased to report
a significant update to the Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) for it’s Mineral Hill Project,
including upgrades to the Southern Ore Zone and Parker’s Hill, together with a maiden
resource for the the high-grade Red Terror deposit.
Highlights:
Substantial increase in Mineral Resources at Mineral Hill
• Total Mineral Resources increased by 29%, from 7.8Mt to 10Mt.
• Measured and Indicated comprise 60% (6.0Mt) of the total resources base,
enhancing confidence in mine planning.
Southern Ore Zone (SOZ)
• Total Resource increased by 15% to 4.4Mt.
• Measured resources rising 40% to 327kt @ 1.9g/t gold and 1.2% copper.
Parkers Hill
• Indicated resources increased 63% at Parker’s Hill to 2.9Mt.
• Mining studies to commence, assessing potential conversion to Ore Reserves and
integration into life-of-mine plan.
Red Terror
• Maiden resource declared of 214kt @ 1.5% Cu and 1.07g/t Au, confirming strong
copper and gold grades.
• Infill and step-out drilling planned to test extensions and expand resource
footprint.
Strong Foundation for Further Growth
• The increase in Measured and Indicated resources provides a robust platform for
future Ore Reserve growth.
• Work programs underway to increase processing plant throughput and evaluate
potential expansion to boost mine life and cash flow.
13 November 2025
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Kingston Resources Managing Director and CEO, Andrew Corbett said:
“This growth in the estimated Mineral Resource represents a major advance in our
growth strategy for Mineral Hill. The 29% uplift in total resources (after accounting for
mining depletion), including a significant increase in high-confidence Measured and
Indicated tonnes, demonstrates the strength and scalability of this asset.
One of the keys of our growth strategy is expanding the available resource. We’ve added
over 2.2 million tonnes of new Mineral Resources, expanding the foundation for future
Ore Reserve growth and positioning Mineral Hill for long-term, sustainable production.
The upgrade at Parker’s Hill and the new resource at Red Terror underscore the
exceptional potential of the broader system — both are expected to be big contributors
to our growth pipeline.
The inventory of SOZ Measured resources significantly de-risks our near term mine plans.
Having 327kt of high grade gold and copper mineralisation available strengthens our
ability to keep margins high as we transition to underground mining in 2026.
We expect to incrementally increase the processing plant throughput rate with the
current plant configuration. The mining studies we’ll be kicking off will look at how we
can grow the life-of-mine and increase the mining rate to support a larger expansion of
our processing capacity and cash flow.
With mining studies now underway and drilling continuing across surface and
underground targets, Kingston is focused on converting resources to reserves, extending
mine life, and growing cash flow. We’re building real momentum toward our goal of
becoming a multi-asset, mid-tier Australian gold and copper producer.”
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Mineral Resource Summary
The Mineral Resource Statement for Mineral Hill includes five separate mineral deposits;
Pearse South, Southern Ore Zone, Jack’s Hut, Red Terror and Parker’s Hill. The total Mineral
Resource estimate (MRE) has increased 29%1
to from 7.8Mt to 10Mt.
All MREs are reported in accordance with the 2012 Edition of Australasian Code for
Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the ‘JORC Code’).
The reporting date for the MREs is 30 October 2025.
Table 1: Mineral Hill Site-Wide Mineral Resource Estimate Summary as at 30 October 2025.
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Cu
(%)
Pb
(%)
Zn
(%)
Ag
(g/t)
Measured 327 1.90 1.20 0.54 0.33 10
Indicated 5,658 0.76 1.06 1.69 1.04 32
Inferred 3,999 1.10 0.84 1.13 0.95 21
Total 9,984 0.93 0.97 1.42 0.98 28
* Due to rounding to appropriate significant figures, minor discrepancies may occur, tonnages are dry metric
tonnes. Mineral Resources are not Ore Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. The SOZ
and Pearse South MREs are inclusive of Ore Reserves. The mineral deposit MREs included within this table
are Pearse South, SOZ, Red Terror, Parker’s Hill, and Jack’s Hut, which are tabulated from Table 2 to Table 6.
See Notes to the Mineral Resource Statements for additional information.
Southern Ore Zone
The SOZ MRE update includes assay results from the underground diamond drilling
program completed from February to June 2025. The program targeted the Indicated
stopes planned to be mined in the first 12 months of underground production and
upgraded them to Measured. As such, the tonnage of Measured has increased 40% on
the previous estimate (30 September 2024).
Changes were also made to the reporting cutoff, incorporating the use of net smelter
return (NSR) instead of net value per tonne (NVPT) used previously, although the impact
of the change is not material, this was done to align with the internal engineering studies
and to be consistent with other polymetallic operations in NSW. Detail on the calculation
of NSR and NVPT is provided in the Notes to the Mineral Resource Statements.
Parker’s Hill and Red Terror
Parker’s Hill is amenable to open pit extraction and has been reported using a $60 per
tonne NSR cut-off and an elevation cutoff of >1150m RL (approximately 160 metres below
surface). The Red Terror Mineral Resource is being reported for the first time and this
mineralisation occurs adjacent to Parker’s Hill. Red Terror would be mined from
underground and as such, the resource has been reported using a $130 per tonne NSR
cut-off based on the estimated underground cost profile.
1
See the most recent Mineral Resource Statement on page 11 of Kingston’s September Quarterly
Report, released to the ASX on 30 October 2025.
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Table of Contents
Mineral Resource Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Mineral Resource Estimates (MRE) ........................................................................................................................ 5
Notes to the Mineral Resource Statements......................................................................................................6
Competent Person Statement..................................................................................................................................6
Southern Ore Zone Mineral Resource Estimate ............................................................................................7
Parker’s Hill and Red Terror Mineral Resource Estimate ........................................................................ 16
Metal Equivalents............................................................................................................................................................27
About Kingston Resources....................................................................................................................................... 28
Appendix 1: Southern Ore Zone JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 ................................................ 29
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data.................................................................................................. 29
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results...............................................................................................49
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources..............................................................55
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves ........................................................................ 67
Appendix 2: Parker’s Hill and Red Terror JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1.............................68
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data..................................................................................................68
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results............................................................................................... 76
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources............................................................. 82
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves ......................................................................... 91
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Mineral Resource Estimates (MRE)
Table 2: Pearse South MRE as at 30 October 2025 (1.0g/t gold cutoff).
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Ag
(g/t)
Au
(koz)
Ag
(koz)
Indicated 164 4.10 85 22 450
Inferred 40 2.4 5 3 6
Total 204 3.77 70 25 456
See ASX announcement titled Pearse Open Pit – Ore Reserve Update, released on 15 March 2023.
Table 3: Southern Ore Zone (SOZ) MRE (A$130/t NSR cutoff) as at 30 October 2025.
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Cu
(%)
Pb
(%)
Zn
(%)
Ag
(g/t)
Measured 327 1.90 1.20 0.54 0.33 10.4
Indicated 1,880 1.15 0.97 2.08 1.64 21.8
Inferred 2,153 1.35 0.93 1.16 1.10 13.7
Total 4,359 1.31 0.97 1.51 1.28 17.0
See Notes to the Mineral Resource Statements for the NSR definition.
Table 4: Red Terror MRE (A$130/t NSR cutoff) as at 30 October 2025.
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Cu
(%)
Ag
(g/t)
Indicated 83 0.58 2.02 4
Inferred 131 1.38 1.14 3
Total 214 1.07 1.48 2
Table 5: Parker’s Hill MRE (A$60/t NSR and above 1150m RL) as at 30 October 2025.
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Cu
(%)
Pb
(%)
Zn
(%)
Ag
(g/t)
Indicated 2,923 0.17 1.04 1.73 0.81 44
Inferred 643 0.16 0.69 1.39 0.93 37
Total 3,566 0.17 0.98 1.67 0.83 43
Table 6: Jack’s Hut MRE (A$50/t NVPT cutoff) as at 30 October 2025.
Classification Tonnes
(kt)
Au
(g/t)
Cu
(%)
Pb
(%)
Zn
(%)
Ag
(g/t)
Indicated 608 1.53 1.3 0.5 0.4 7
Inferred 1,032 1.09 0.7 1.0 0.8 28
Total 1,640 1.25 0.9 0.8 0.6 20
See ASX announcement titled Jack's Hut - Mineral Resource Update, released on 15 March 2023.
Calculation method for the net value per tonne (NVPT) cutoff is shown in Notes to the Mineral Resource
Statements.
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Notes to the Mineral Resource Statements
• Net smelter return (NSR) is an estimate of the net dollar value per tonne including
offsite costs, payable rates, royalties and metallurgical recoveries.
• Net value per tonne (NVPT) is an estimate of the net value after taking into account
all the NSR calculation parameters as well as processing and G&A costs.
• NSR considered the following metal prices (USD): copper $5.11/lb, Lead $1.01/lb, Zinc
$1.43/lb, gold $3503/oz and silver $36.80/oz. Recoveries varied for each each lode and
weathering state.
• Due to rounding to appropriate significant figures, minor discrepancies may occur,
tonnages are dry metric tonnes.
• Mineral Resources are not Ore Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic
viability.
• The SOZ and Pearse South MREs are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves.
• Inferred resources have less geological confidence than Measured or Indicated
resources and should not have modifying factors applied to them. It is reasonable
to expect that the majority of Inferred Mineral Resources could be upgraded to
Indicated Mineral Resources with continued exploration.
• Pearse South Mineral Resource Estimate was reported in the ASX announcement
on 15 March 2023.
• Mining at Pearse North is expected to be completed in November 2025. The
remnant Mineral Resource is immaterial and has not been included in the current
Resource statement.
Competent Person Statement
Competent Person’s Statement - Mineral Resource Reported in Accordance with 2012
JORC Code – Mineral Hill.
The information in this report that relates to the reporting of the Mineral Hill Mine Mineral
Resource Estimate is based on and fairly represents, information and supporting
documentation compiled by Mr. Stuart Hayward (BAppSc (Geology)) MAIG, who is a
Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists. Mr. Stuart Hayward is a full-time
employee of Kingston Resources Limited. Mr. Hayward has sufficient experience relevant
to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity
which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition
of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore
Reserves’. Mr. Hayward confirms that the information in the market announcement
provided is an accurate representation of the available data and studies for the material
mining project and consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based upon the
information in the form and context in which it appears. The Company confirms that the
form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been
materially modified from the original report.
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Southern Ore Zone Mineral Resource Estimate
The Southern Ore Zone (SOZ) Mineral Resource has been updated to include drilling and
assays from the underground drill program between February and June 2025. Key
outcomes from the program include the infilling of Indicated portions of the previous
resource, particularly around the high-grade gold and copper zones of G and H Lode. This
has led to a 40% increase in Measured Mineral Resources at SOZ.
Table 7: Southern Ore Zone (SOZ) MRE (A$130/t NSR cutoff) as at 30 October 2025.
Resource
Category
Tonnes
Kt
Grade Metal
Au
g/t
Ag
g/t
Cu
%
Pb
%
Zn
%
Au
koz
Ag
koz
Cu
t
Pb
t
Zn
t
Measured 327 1.90 10.4 1.20 0.54 0.33 20.0 0.11 3.9 1.8 1.1
Indicated 1,880 1.15 21.8 0.97 2.08 1.64 69.5 1.32 18.2 39.1 30.8
Inferred 2,153 1.35 13.7 0.93 1.16 1.10 93.4 0.97 20.0 25.0 23.7
Total 4,360 1.31 17.0 0.97 1.51 1.28 182.9 2.40 42.1 65.9 55.6
Geology and Geological Interpretation
The SOZ at Mineral Hill is an VHMS polymetallic with overprinted epithermal (Cu – Au to
Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au system) vein and breccia system hosted by the Late Silurian to Early
Devonian Mineral Hill Volcanics, a pile of proximal rhyolitic volcaniclastic rocks with minor
reworked volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks.
The mineralisation is structurally controlled and comprises lodes centred on
hydrothermal breccia zones within and adjacent to numerous faults, surrounded by a
halo of quartz-sulphide vein stockwork mineralisation. Wall rock alteration consists of
quartz-chlorite-illite-sericite.
Individual sub parallel en-echelon west-dipping mineralised breccia zones make up SOZ.
Lodes are identified as A (most eastern), B and C lodes. These lodes are similar, with
mineralisation commonly hosted in the form of breccias, composed of volcanic wall rock
and older quartz-sulphide vein fragments set in a silica and sulphide matrix and locally
comprising massive sulphide. Lead and Zinc grades decline to the west, where Lodes D,
G and H are lead zinc poor and enriched in copper-gold mineralisation.
A cross section (Figure 1) through the wireframe models show lodes A, B, C in the south
and Figure 2 shows the smaller volumes of lodes A, B, C, D and G lodes further north. The
mineralisation wireframes generally strike N-S (local grid) and dip around 65˚ to the west.
To the south the lodes A, B and C show a southerly plunge, where they underlie the top
shear.
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Figure 1. SOZ Lodes (E-W section 300mN ± 10 m).
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Figure 2. Oblique View showing interpreted domains.
Sampling and Sub-Sampling Techniques
Historical core regarded as significantly mineralised was half sawn for sampling. This
approach has the potential to miss finely disseminated gold mineralisation, and in some
cases low grade Cu, high Pb—Zn mineralisation was regarded as uneconomic and
ignored. The short underground core holes drilled by KBL were fully sampled (sawn half
core) and submitted for assay. All cored sections of KBL surface drill holes were assayed
unless the volume of rock was deemed to have been effectively sampled by a pre-existing
drill hole, for example in the case of wedging where the wedge hole trajectory is close
(typically < 5 m) from the parent hole.
When sub sampling RC chips a riffle splitter or conical splitter is typically employed
directly off the cyclone. Dry sampling was ensured by use of a booster air compressor
when significant groundwater was encountered in RC drilling. Field duplicates were
periodically assayed by Triako and CBH, but KBL did not routinely submit duplicates for
analysis.
A typical 1 m half NQ core sample weighs approximately 4.0-4.5 kg. RC drilling (with 5”
crossflow bit) collected a bulk sample weighing up to 34 kg per metre drilled, from which
a 1:10 split sub-sample (2.0 to 3.0 kg ) was submitted for assay.
Sampling of the KSN Core drilling was determined by the logging geologist. Sampling
intervals varied between 30 cm to 1 m honouring any geological contacts capturing the
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finer geological detail not available in RC drilling. Core was cut in half using a modified
brick saw with the cut line situated about 5 degrees to the left of the orientation line
where available.
Drilling Techniques
Diamond drilling using HQ core diameter and a standard barrel configuration is most
common from surface. Core from underground drilling is commonly LTK60 and is not
routinely orientated. The SOZ sampling dataset comprises 51,100 m of diamond core and
4700 m of RC. Orientation was attempted on numerous surface drill holes with mostly
good results. Methods used over time included traditional spear and marker, and modern
orientation tools attached to the core barrel. The SOZ sampling dataset also includes
assays from 8395 metres of underground sampling performed by Triako from faces and
walls, and sludge sampling from underground probe and blast percussion holes. The face
wall and sludge samples were used to guide the interpretation but not used in the
estimation resource grade.
Resource Classification Criteria
Resource classification is based on data quality, drill density, number of informing
samples, kriging efficiency, conditional bias slope, average distance to informing samples
and geological continuity (deposit consistency). The confidence in the quality of the data
and the presence of historic mining justified the classification of Measured, Indicated and
Inferred Resources.
Measured Resources are the portion of the deposit with a drill spacing of 25 m x 25 m with
significant infill drilling to 12.5 m and proximal to current development. Indicated
resources are the portions of the deposit with a drill spacing of 25 m x 25 m or closer and
demonstrate a reasonable level of confidence in the geological continuity of the
mineralisation. Inferred resources are the portions of the deposit covered by drill spacing
greater than 25 m or those portions of the deposit with a smaller number of intercepts
but demonstrating an acceptable level of geological confidence. Portions of the resource
that do not meet these requirements remain unclassified resources and are not reported.
A Mineral Resource is not an Ore Reserve and does not have demonstrated economic
viability.
Sample Analysis Method
Three dominant drilling phases have occurred at the project: Triako from 2001 to 2005,
KBL from 2011 to 2016 and Kingston the current project operators.
Triako samples were sent to ALS and assayed with aqua-regia and analysed for copper,
lead, zinc, silver and gold. Gold values >5 g/t were then repeated with a 50 g Fire Assay).
Over-grade samples (>10,000 ppm Cu, Pb, Zn, and/or >25 ppm Ag) were repeated with the
method of Aqua Regia digest and flame AAS finish. KBL sent samples to ALS and routinely
assayed for copper, lead, zinc, silver, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth using aqua regia and
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ICP finish. Over-grade samples ( > 10000 ppm Cu, Pb, Zn or 100 ppm for Ag, are reanalysed
with an ore-grade method of Aqua Regia digestion and ICP finish. Gold was analysed with
the 50g fire-assay—AAS finish. KSN uses SGS for sample preparation and analysis.
Samples are analysed with a 4-acid digest and an ICP-OES finish for copper, lead, zinc,
gold, silver, arsenic and antimony. Gold analysis is determined by fire assay using lead
collection technique with an AAS.
Sample methods used throughout the project are considered suitable for this style of
mineralisation and appropriate for the use in resource estimation.
Estimation Methods
The Mineral Resource statement reported herein is a reasonable representation of the
SOZ deposit based on current sampling data. Grade estimation was undertaken using
Geovia’s Surpac™ software package (v7.5). Ordinary Kriging (“OK”) was selected for grade
estimation of copper, lead, zinc, gold and silver. Ancillary elements As Sb and S were also
estimated into the block model using OK.
Copper, Lead and Zinc are the primary economic elements in A lode, gold and silver are
likely to be economically significant. In B, C, D and G and H lodes copper and gold are the
primary economic elements. Elements are estimated using the copper equivalent
domains as hard boundaries. Within the individual lodes a dynamic search ellipse was
utilised to select informing composites. The entire mineralised resource is below the
weathering profile, all material is fresh material.
The block model utilises parent blocks measuring 5 m x 10 m x 5 m with sub-blocking to
1.25 m x 1.25 m x 1.25 m (XYZ) to better define the volumes. Blocks above topography are
flagged as air blocks. Estimation resolution was set at the parent block size for the higher
grade domains and twice the parent block size for the halo mineralization.
Grade capping was applied to all elements except sulphur.
Experimental variograms were generated where possible. For domains and elements
where experimental variograms could not be created, variogram models were borrowed
from similar domains or elements (with weak to moderate correlations to the element
under investigation).
The default density of the block model based on the dominant host rock (Tuff) and
assigned 2.65 t/m3. No oxide or transitional material is defined, mineralisation occurs
approximately 150m below the surface. KSN have 946 density measurements from the
SOZ deposit. Using the percentages of the three main sulphide minerals and attributing
density values to each mineral, it was possible to calculate a density value for each sample
using the following formula.
Density = (Cu% ÷ 0.3463 x 4.2 + Pb% ÷ 0.8660 x 7.5 + Zn% ÷ 0.6709 x 3.75 + (100 - Cu% ÷
0.3463 - Pb% ÷ 0.8660 - Zn% ÷ 0.6709) x 2.65) ÷ 100
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The theoretical stoichiometry formula was plotted against the measured readings
showed a reasonable correlation. The stoichiometry formula was applied to the
estimated grades within the block model. The average density of resource estimate is
2.80 t/m3
.
Block model validation consisted of visual checks in plan and section, global comparisons
between input and output means, alternative estimation techniques, swath plots and to
previous estimates.
Cutoff Grades
For the reporting of the MRE, a net smelter return (NSR) value has been used to account
for the polymetallic nature of mineralisation. The NSR (A$/t) formula includes
assumptions regarding metal prices, exchange rates, metallurgical recoveries, metal
marketing terms (including payabilities and deductions/penalties), freight, smelting and
refining charges, and royalties.
The NSR formula is:
NSR (A$/t) = (metal grades x metallurgical recoveries x payabilities x A$ metal prices) less
(concentrate freight and treatment charges, penalties and royalties)
The MRE is reported above a cutoff of AU$130/t NSR. This cutoff is derived by discounting
the unit incremental production mining cost to allow for potential economic extraction
with more favourable conditions. Upon applying this cutoff, the block model was checked
spatially to ensure no isolated blocks were reporting to the MRE. Figure 3 shows the grade
tonnage curve of the MRE at increasing NSR/t cutoffs.
Figure 3. SOZ Mineral Resource grade tonnage curves.
11.3
9.4
7.9
6.9
6.1
5.5
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
> $50 > $60 > $70 > $80 > $90 > $100 > $110 > $120 > $130 > $140 > $150 > $160 > $170 > $180 > $190 > $200
Grade
Tonnes
(Mt)
Millions
NSR ($/t)
SOZ Grade Tonnage Curve
Tonnes Cu (%) Pb (%) Zn (%) Au (g/t) Ag (*10g/t)
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Mining, Metallurgical and other Modifying Factors Considered
Commodity Pricing
Kingston periodically updates the metal price assumptions for use in Mineral Resource
and Ore Reserve reporting, as well as for use in financial forecasting. The prices used for
all metal equivalent and NSR calculations and Mineral Resource reporting prices are
based on consensus price forecasts plus a 15% upside adjustment factor to account for
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction.
Table 8: Commodity prices used for the SOZ MRE.
Category Units Consensus
Prices
Mineral Resource Prices
(+15% on consensus)
USD USD AUD
FX AUD:USD 0.65
Gold $/oz 3,046 3,503 5,389
Silver $/oz 32 36.8 56.6
Copper $/lb 4.44 5.11 7.86
Lead $/lb 0.88 1.01 1.56
Zinc $/lb 1.24 1.43 2.20
Metallurgical Factors
The MRE assumes a sequential processing flowsheet for A lode comprising separate
copper, lead and zinc float concentrates (“PBZ Feed”). Float tails will pass through the CIL
circuit. The remainder of the deposit (Lodes B, C, D G and H) will undergo a copper float
followed by the CIL circuit (“Cu Feed”). This flowsheet optimises the theoretical NSR value
of the mineralisation.
Processing recoveries are based on recent test work and historical production
performance. Table 9 shows the assumed recovery and concentrate grade factors used
for the MRE. The gold and silver recovery for the lead and zinc concentrates is based on
the metal in the PBZ feed. The cumulative gold and silver recovery for all concentrate
products is 83% and 88% respectively.
Table 9: Metallurgical assumptions used for the MRE.
Constant Unit Factor
Copper Concentrate
Cu Concentrate Grade % 22
Cu Recovery % 88
Au Recovery (>0.4g/t) % 46
Au Recovery (<0.4g/t) % 43
Ag Recovery % 32
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Constant Unit Factor
Lead Concentrate
Pb Concentrate Grade % 57
Au Recovery (>0.4g/t) % 9
Au Recovery (<0.4g/t) % 8
Pb Recovery % 75
Ag Recovery % 42
Zinc Concentrate
Zn Concentrate Grade % 52
Au Recovery (>0.4g/t) % 5
Au Recovery (<0.4g/t) % 4
Ag Recovery % 5
Zn Recovery % 66
Carbon-in-Leach (Dore)
Au Recovery (feed metal basis) % 34
Ag Recovery (feed metal basis) % 23
It is assumed SOZ will continue as an underground mine, using long-hole stoping
methods with a smallest mineable unit (SMU) of 20 metres long by, 5 metres high, with a
minimum mining width of about 3 metres.
Changes from the Prior Mineral Resource Estimate
Changes to the Prior Mineral Resource estimate are mainly due to difference in assumed
metal prices. Table 10 shows the differences in commodity prices for the two estimates.
The higher prices used in 2025 are based on factoring the consensus pricing up by 15% to
align with the JORC guidelines of reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction
(RPEEE). In contrast, the 2024 pricing had no factoring on the consensus pricing and were
considered too conservative to allow for eventual economic extraction.
Although the 2025 estimate has been reported using a $130/t NSR cutoff and the 2024
estimate was reported at a $50/t NVPT cutoff, Kingston reconciled these cutoffs to ensure
they arrive at a similar cost cutoff and so any difference from these factors is immaterial.
Net smelter return (NSR) is an estimate of the net dollar value per tonne including offsite
costs, payable rates, royalties and metallurgical recoveries.
Net value per tonne (NVPT) is an estimate of the net value after taking into account all the
NSR calculation parameters as well as processing and G&A costs.
Adding unit processing costs of $64/t and G&A costs of $15/t to the $50/t NVPT cutoff
arrives at approximately $130/t NSR.
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Table 10: Comparison of commodity prices used for the 2024 and 2025 SOZ MREs.
Category Units 2024 Commodity
Prices
2025 Commodity
Prices
Gold A$/oz 2,859 5,389
Silver A$/oz 35.2 56.6
Copper A$/lb 6.32 7.86
Lead A$/lb 1.40 1.56
Zinc A$/lb 1.75 2.20
Table 11: 2024 Southern Ore Zone (SOZ) MRE (A$50/t NVPT cutoff).
Resource
Category
Tonnes
Kt
Grade Metal
Au
g/t
Ag
g/t
Cu
%
Pb
%
Zn
%
Au
koz
Ag
Moz
Cu
t
Pb
t
Zn
t
Measured 233 2.01 11 1.2 0.2 0.4 15 0.08 3 1 1
Indicated 1,667 1.37 23 1 2.1 1.7 73 1.23 16 36 28
Inferred 1,876 2.22 12 0.9 0.8 0.6 134 0.71 18 14 11
Total 3776 1.83 16.6 0.97 1.35 1.06 222 2.0 36 51 40
Table 12: 2025 Southern Ore Zone (SOZ) MRE (A$130/t NSR cutoff).
Resource
Category
Tonnes
Kt
Grade Metal
Au
g/t
Ag
g/t
Cu
%
Pb
%
Zn
%
Au
koz
Ag
Moz
Cu
t
Pb
t
Zn
t
Measured 327 1.90 10.4 1.20 0.54 0.33 20.0 0.11 3.9 1.8 1.1
Indicated 1,880 1.15 21.8 0.97 2.08 1.64 69.5 1.32 18.2 39.1 30.8
Inferred 2,153 1.35 13.7 0.93 1.16 1.10 93.4 0.97 20.0 25.0 23.7
Total 4,360 1.31 17.0 0.97 1.51 1.28 182.9 2.40 42.1 65.9 55.6
Table 13: Percentage comparison to the previous SOZ estimate (all numbers are percentages).
Deposit Kt Au
(g/t)
Ag
(g/t)
Cu
%
Pb
%
Zn
%
Au
(Koz)
Ag
(Koz)
Cu
(Kt)
Pb
(Kt)
Zn
(Kt)
40 -5 -5 0 170 -18 33 36 30 80 10
Indicated 13 -16 -5 -3 -1 -4 -5 7 14 9 10
Inferred 15 -39 14 3 45 83 -30 37 11 79 115
Total 15 -28 2 0 12 21 -18 19 17 29 39
KINGSTONRESOURCES.COM.AU | ASX: KSN 16
Parker’s Hill and Red Terror Mineral Resource
Estimate
Parker’s Hill mineralisation comprises near surface oxidised and underground sulphide
polymetallic
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